導語：如何才能寫好一篇雙語童話，這就需要搜集整理更多的資料和文獻，歡迎閱讀由公務員之家整理的十篇范文，供你借鑒。

篇1

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

At the time when our Lord still walked on earth, he and Saint Peter stopped one evening at a smith's and were gladly given lodging1. Now it happened that a poor beggar, hard pressed by age and infirmity, came to this house and begged alms of the smith.

Peter had compassion2 and said, "Lord and master, if it please you, cure his ailments3, that he may earn his own bread."

The Lord said gently, "Smith, lend me your forge and put some coals on for me, and then I will make this sick old man young again."

The smith was quite willing. Saint Peter pumped the bellows4, and when the coal fire sparkled up large and high, our Lord took the little old man, pushed him into the forge in the middle of the red fire, so that he glowed like a rosebush, and praised God with a loud voice.

After that the Lord went to the quenching-tub, put the glowing little man into it so that the water closed over him, and after he had carefully cooled him, he gave him his blessing5, when, behold6, the little man sprang nimbly out, looking fresh, upright, healthy, and as if he were twenty years old.

The smith, who had watched everything closely and attentively7, invited them all to supper. Now he had an old half-blind, hunchbacked mother-in-law. She went to the youth and asked earnestly if the fire had burned him much.

He answered that he had never felt better, and that he had sat in the glowing coals as if he had been in cool dew.

The youth's words echoed in the the old woman's ears all night long, and early the next morning, after the Lord had gone on his way again and had heartily8 thanked the smith, the latter thought he might make his old mother-in-law young again in the same way, for he had watched everything very carefully, and it used the skills of his trade. Therefore he called to her, asking her if she, too, would like to go prancing9 about like an eighteen-year-old girl.

Because the youth had come out of it so well, she said, "With all my heart."

So the smith made a large fire, and pushed the old woman into it. She twisted about this way and that, uttering horrible cries of murder.

"Sit still. Why are you screaming and jumping about so? I still have to blow the fire hotter," he cried, then pumped the bellows again, until all her rags were all afire.

The old woman cried without ceasing, and the smith thought to himself, "It's not going exactly right." Then he took her out and threw her into the quenching-tub. She screamed so loudly that the smith's wife upstairs and her daughter-in-law heard it, and they both ran downstairs, and saw the old woman lying in a heap in the tub, howling and screaming, with her face wrinkled and shriveled and all out of shape.

The two, who were both with child, were so terrified with this that that very night they gave birth to two boys who were not shaped like humans but like apes. They ran into the woods, and from them came the race of apes. #p#副標題#e#

當我們的主還在地上巡視時，有一天晚上，他帶著圣彼得到一個鐵匠家投宿，鐵匠倒還樂意。這時碰巧來了位乞丐，年邁體弱，精神不振，樣子十分可憐，他求鐵匠施舍點東西給他，圣彼得很同情他，說：“主呀，如果你愿意，請幫他治一下病吧，讓他能夠自己掙得食物。”

上帝非常和藹地說：“師傅，請把你的鐵爐借我用一下，加些炭在里面，我要把這老乞丐煉得年輕些。”鐵匠非常樂意，圣彼得便拉起風箱，上帝把乞丐推進爐火中的最旺處，老人在里面燒得像玫瑰般通紅，口里還大聲讚美著上帝。過了一會兒，上帝踏到水槽前，把這燒紅的人放了進去浸在水中，等他冷卻后，上帝就向他祝福。過了一會兒，那小個子老人一躍而出，面目一新了，他顯得那樣挺直、健康，就像一位二十歲的小伙子。

鐵匠在一旁仔細地瞧著，請他們一起吃了晚飯。鐵匠有位半瞎背駝的老岳母，她走到年輕人的跟前，仔細地瞧著，問他爐火可曾燒了他。那人告訴他從來沒有這般舒服過，立在爐火中，就像沐浴在清涼的露水中一樣。那年青人的話在老婦人的耳邊響了一整夜。第二天早上，上帝準備上路了，他感謝了鐵匠，鐵匠認為他也能把自己的老岳母變得年輕些，因為昨天的一切他都看在眼里。於是他問岳母是否也想變成個十八歲的少女跳來跳去。

篇2

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once upon a time there was a forester. He went into the woods to hunt, and after entering the woods he heard a sound of crying, as though it were a little child. Following the sound, he finally came to a tall tree, at the top of which a little child was sitting. His mother had fallen asleep under the tree with the child. A bird of prey1 had seen him in her arms, flown down, picked him up in its beak2, and then set him on the tall tree.

The forester climbed the tree, brought the child down, and thought, "I will take the child home with me, and bring him up with my Lenchen."

So he took him home, and the two children grew up together. The child whom he had found on the tree was called Foundling-Bird, because a bird had carried him away. Foundling-Bird and Lenchen loved each other so much, ever so much, that whenever they did not see one another they were sad.

Now the forester had an old cook. One evening she took two buckets3 and began to fetch water. She did not go out to the well just once, but many times.

Lenchen saw this and said, "Listen, old Sanna, why are you fetching so much water?"

"If you won't tell anyone, I will tell you."

So Lenchen said that she would not tell anyone, and then the cook said, "Early tomorrow morning when the forester is out hunting I will heat the water, and when it is boiling in the kettle4 I will throw Foundling-Bird into it and cook him.

The forester got up very early the next morning and went out hunting. When he left, the children were still in bed.

Then Lenchen said to Foundling-Bird, "If you will never leave me, I will never leave you either."

Foundling-Bird said, "Never, ever."

Then Lenchen said, "Then I will tell you that last night old Sanna carried so many buckets of water into the house that I asked her why she was doing that. She said that if I would not tell anyone she would tell me. I said that I would be sure not to tell anyone, and she said that early tomorrow morning when father was out hunting, she would boil a kettle full of water, throw you into it, and cook you. But let us hurry and get up, get dressed, and run away together.

So the two children got up, hurriedly got dressed, and went away.

When the water in the kettle was boiling, the cook went into the bedroom to get Foundling-Bird and throw him into it. But when she went to their room and to their beds, both the children were gone.

Then she became terribly frightened and said to herself, "What will I say when the forester comes home and sees that the children are gone. I must hurry and follow them and get them back again."

Then the cook sent out three servants who were to run after the children and bring them back. The children were sitting at the edge5 of the woods when they saw the three servants running toward6 them from afar.

Lenchen said to Foundling-Bird, "Never leave me, and I will never leave you."

Foundling-Bird said, "Never, ever."

Then Lenchen said, "You, turn into a rosebush, and I to a rose on it."

When the three servants reached the edge of the woods nothing was there but a rosebush with one rose on it, but the children were nowhere."

Then they said, "There is nothing to be done here," and they went home and told the cook that they had seen nothing out there but a little rosebush with one rose on it.

Then the old cook scolded7 them, saying, "You simpletons, you should have cut the rosebush in two and then broken off the rose and brought it home with you. Hurry up and do it."

So they had to go out and look for the second time. The children, however, saw them coming from afar.

Lenchen said, "Foundling-Bird, never leave me, and I will never leave you."

Foundling-Bird said, "Never, ever."

Lenchen said, "You, turn into a church, and I to the chandelier in it."

When the three servants arrived, nothing was there but a church with a chandelier in it. So they said to one another, "What can we do here? Let us go home."

When they reached home, the cook asked if they had found them, and they said that they had found nothing but a church with a chandelier in it.

The cook scolded them, saying, "You fools, why didn't you break down the church and bring the chandelier home with you?"

This time the old cook herself got up and with the three servants went out after the children.

The children, however, saw from afar that the three servants were coming, with the cook tottering8 after them.

Then Lenchen said, "Foundling-Bird, never leave me, and I will never leave you."

Foundling-Bird said, "Never, ever."

Lenchen said, "Turn into a pond, and I to a duck upon it."

The cook came up to them, and when she saw the pond she leaned9 out over it and was about to drink it up. But the duck quickly came swimming toward her, took hold of her head with its beak, and pulled her into the water, where the old witch10 drowned.

Then the children went home together, and were very happy, and if they have not died, they are still alive.

篇3

A poor man had so many children that he had already asked everyone in the world to be godfather, and when still another child was born, no one else was left whom he could ask. He did not know what to do, and, in his sorrow, he lay down and fell asleep. Then he dreamed that he should go outside the gate and ask the first person he met to be godfather. When he awoke he decided1 to obey his dream, and he went outside the gate and asked the first person who came his way to be godfather.

The stranger gave him a little bottle of water, and said, "This is miraculous2 water. You can heal the sick with it. But you must see where Death is standing3. If he is standing by the patient's head, give the patient some of the water and he will be healed, but if Death is standing by his feet all efforts will be in vain, for then the sick man must die."

From this time forth4, the man could always say whether a patient could be saved or not. He became famous for his skill, and earned a great deal of money. Once he was called in to the king's child, and when he entered, he saw Death standing by the child's head, and he cured it with the water. The same thing happened a second time, but the third time Death was standing by its feet, so the child had to die.

Now the man wanted to visit his godfather one time and tell him what had happened with the water. He entered the house, but the strangest things were going on there. On the first flight of stairs, the dustpan and the broom were fighting, and violently hitting one other.

He asked them, "Where does the godfather live?"

The broom answered, "Up one more flight of stairs."

When he came to the second flight, he saw a heap of dead fingers lying. He asked, "Where does the godfather live?"

One of the fingers answered, "Up one more flight of stairs."

On the third flight lay a heap of dead men's heads, and they directed him still another flight higher. On the fourth flight, he saw fish on the fire, sizzling in a pan and baking themselves. They too said, "Up one more flight of stairs."

And when he had climbed the fifth, he came to the door of a room and peeped through the keyhole. There he saw the godfather who had a pair of long horns. When he opened the door and went in, the godfather quickly got into bed and covered himself up.

The man then said, "Godfather, sir, strange things are going on in your house. When I came to your first flight of stairs, the dustpan and the broom were fighting, and violently hitting one another."

"How stupid you are," said the godfather. "That was the servant-boy and the maid talking to each other."

"But on the second flight I saw dead fingers lying there."

"Oh, how silly you are. Those were some roots of scorzonera."

"On the third flight lay a heap of dead men's heads."

Foolish man, those were heads of cabbage."

"On the fourth flight I saw fish in a pan, which were sizzling and baking themselves." When he had said that, the fish came and served themselves up.

"And when I got to the fifth flight, I peeped through the keyhole of a door, and there, Godfather, I saw you and you had long, long horns."

"Oh, that is not true."

The man became frightened and ran out, and if he had not done so, who knows what the godfather would have done to him?

從前有個人，他孩子太多，已經請過世界上所有的人當孩子們的教父了?？捎钟袀€孩子即將出世，顯然沒人可請了，他不知道如何是好，只好疲憊地躺下睡了。夢中他夢見自己出了門，請遇到的第一個人當孩子的教父。醒來時他決定照夢中的指點辦，因而出了大門，在那兒碰到一個陌生人，於是請他當教父。很多年后，教父送給教子一杯水，告訴他：「這是杯神水，可以治好任何人的病。不過你要看清死神站在病人的哪一頭，如果站在病人頭前，給病人喝點這種水，他就會痊癒；如果他站在病人腳后，一切努力都將白費，他必死無疑。從此，教子就能判斷病人是否有救，并因此出了名，也掙了大錢。有一次國王請他去給他孩子治病，他看到死神站在孩子頭前，就用神水治好了孩子的??；第二次也是這樣。

第三次死神站到了孩子腳邊，他便知道孩子非死不可了。

有一次他想見見這位教父，告訴他自己用神水取得的成就。當他來到教父家時，看到了世界上最古怪的事：掃把和鐵鍬在頭一段樓梯上吵架，并且猛打對方。他問它們：「教父住在哪兒？掃把回答說：「在很多樓梯上面。他上到第二段樓梯，看到一堆死手指。他問它們：「教父住在哪兒？其中一個手指回答說：「再上一層樓。三樓是一堆死人頭，它們也說教父住在上面一層。他在四樓看到各種各樣的魚在火上烤著，它們也說：「再上一層樓。他來到五樓，看到有扇門，就從鎖孔往里看，結果看到了長著兩只長長的犄角的教父。他推開門走了進去，教父急忙躺到床上，用被子把自己蓋上。這人說：「教父先生，您的房子多奇怪呀！我在一樓看到掃把和鐵鍬又吵又打。

篇4

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

A man had seven sons, but however much he wished for a daughter, he did not have one yet. Finally his wife gave him hope for another child, and when it came into the world it was indeed a girl. Great was their joy, but the child was sickly and small, and because of her weakness, she was to be given an emergency baptism.

The father sent one of the boys to run quickly to the well and get some water for the baptism. The other six ran along with him. Because each one of them wanted to be first one to dip out the water, the jug2 fell into the well. There they stood not knowing what to do, and not one of them dared to go home.

When they did not return the father grew impatient, and said, "They have forgotten what they went after because they were playing, those godless boys."

Fearing that the girl would die without being baptized, he cried out in anger, "I wish that those boys would all turn into ravens."

He had hardly spoken these words when he heard a whirring sound above his head, and looking up, he saw seven coal-black ravens flying up and away.

The parents could not take back the curse, and however sad they were at the loss of their seven sons, they were still somewhat comforted because of their dear little daughter, who soon gained strength and became more beautiful every day.

For a long time she did not know that she had had brothers, for her parents took care not to mention them to her. However, one day she accidentally overheard some people talking about her. They said that she was beautiful enough, but that in truth she was to blame for her seven brothers' misfortune. This troubled her greatly, and she went to her father and mother and asked them if she indeed had had brothers, and what had happened to them.

Her parents could no longer keep the secret, but said that it had been heaven's fate, and that her birth had been only the innocent cause. However, this ate at the girl's conscience every day, and she came to believe that she would have to redeem3 her brothers.

She had neither rest nor peace until she secretly set forth4 and went out into the wide world, hoping to find her brothers and to set them free, whatever it might cost. She took nothing with her but a little ring as a remembrance from her parents, a loaf of bread for hunger, a little jug of water for thirst, and a little chair for when she got tired.

She walked on and on —— far, far to the end of the world. She came to the sun, but it was too hot and terrible, and ate little children. She hurried away, and ran to the moon, but it was much too cold, and also frightening and wicked, and when it saw the child, it said, "I smell, smell human flesh."

Then she hurried away, and came to the stars, and they were friendly and good to her, each one sitting on its own little chair. When the morning star arose, it gave her a chicken bone, and said, "Without that chicken bone you cannot open the glass mountain, and your brothers are inside the glass mountain."

The girl took the bone, wrapped it up well in a cloth, and went on her way again until she came to the glass mountain. The door was locked, and she started to take out the chicken bone, but when she opened up the cloth, it was empty. She had lost the gift of the good stars.

What could she do now? She wanted to rescue her brothers, but she had no key to the glass mountain. The good little sister took a knife, cut off one of her little fingers, put it into the door, and fortunately the door opened.

After she had gone inside a little dwarf5 came up to her and said, "My child, what are you looking for?"

"I am looking for my brothers, the seven ravens," she replied.

The dwarf said, "The lord ravens are not at home, but if you want to wait here until they return, step inside."

Then the dwarf carried in the ravens' dinner on seven little plates, and in seven little cups. The sister ate a little bit from each plate and took a little sip6 from each cup. Into the last cup she dropped the ring that she had brought with her.

Suddenly she heard a whirring and rushing sound in the air, and the dwarf said, "The lord ravens are flying home now."

They came, wanted to eat and drink, and looked for their plates and cups. Then one after the other of them said, "Who has been eating from my plate? Who has been drinking from my cup? It was a human mouth."

When the seventh one came to the bottom of his cup, the ring rolled toward him. Looking at it, he saw that it was a ring from their father and mother, and said, "God grant that our sister might be here; then we would be set free."

The girl was listening from behind the door, and when she heard this wish she came forth. Then the ravens were restored to their human forms again. They hugged and kissed one another, and went home happily.#p#副標題#e#

篇5

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

A king had a daughter who was beautiful beyond all measure, but at the same time so proud and arrogant1 that no suitor was good enough for her. She rejected one after the other, ridiculing2 them as well.

Once the king sponsored a great feast and invited from far and near all the men wanting to get married. They were all placed in a row according to their rank and standing3. First came the kings, then the grand dukes, then the princes, the earls, the barons4, and the aristocracy. Then the king's daughter was led through the ranks, but she objected to something about each one. One was too fat: "The wine barrel," she said. Another was too tall: "Thin and tall, no good at all." The third was too short: "Short and thick is never quick." The fourth was too pale: "As pale as death." The fifth too red: "A prize rooster." The sixth was not straight enough: "Green wood, dried behind the stove."

And thus she had some objection to each one, but she ridiculed6 especially one good king who stood at the very top of the row, and whose chin had grown a little crooked7. "Look!" she cried out, laughing, "He has a chin like a thrush's beak8." And from that time he was called Thrushbeard.

Now the old king, seeing that his daughter did nothing but ridicule5 the people, making fun of all the suitors who were gathered there, became very angry, and he swore that she should have for her husband the very first beggar to come to his door.

A few days later a minstrel came and sang beneath the window, trying to earn a small handout9.

When the king heard him he said, "Let him come up."

So the minstrel, in his dirty, ragged10 clothes, came in and sang before the king and his daughter, and when he was finished he asked for a small gift.

The king said, "I liked your song so much that I will give you my daughter for a wife."

The king's daughter took fright, but the king said, "I have taken an oath to give you to the very first beggar, and I will keep it."

Her protests did not help. The priest was called in, and she had to marry the minstrel at once. After that had happened the king said, "It is not proper for you, a beggar's wife, to stay in my palace any longer. All you can do now is to go away with your husband."

The beggar led her out by the hand, and she had to leave with him, walking on foot.

They came to a large forest, and she asked, "Who owns this beautiful forest?"

"It belongs to King Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable11 thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

Afterwards they crossed a meadow, and she asked again, "Who owns this beautiful green meadow?"

"It belongs to king Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

Then they walked through a large town, and she asked again, "Who owns this beautiful large town?"

"It belongs to king Thrushbeard. If you had taken him, it would be yours."

"Oh, I am a miserable thing; If only I'd taken the Thrushbeard King."

"I do not like you to always be wishing for another husband," said the minstrel. "Am I not good enough for you?"

At last they came to a very little hut, and she said, "Oh goodness. What a small house. Who owns this miserable tiny hut?"

The minstrel answered, "This is my house and yours, where we shall live together."

She had to stoop in order to get in the low door.

"Where are the servants?" said the king's daughter.

"What servants?" answered the beggar. "You must do for yourself what you want to have done. Now make a fire at once, put some water on to boil, so you can cook me something to eat. I am very tired."

But the king's daughter knew nothing about lighting12 fires or cooking, and the beggar had to lend a hand himself to get anything done at all. When they had finished their scanty13 meal they went to bed. But he made her get up very early the next morning in order to do the housework.

For a few days they lived in this way, as well as they could, but they finally came to the end of their provisions.

Then the man said, "Wife, we cannot go on any longer eating and drinking here and earning nothing. You must weave baskets." He went out, cut some willows14, and brought them home. Then she began to weave baskets, but the hard willows cut into her delicate hands.

"I see that this will not do," said the man. "You had better spin. Perhaps you can do that better." She sat down and tried to spin, but the hard thread soon cut into her soft fingers until they bled.

"See," said the man. "You are not good for any sort of work. I made a bad bargain with you. Now I will try to start a business with pots and earthenware15. You must sit in the marketplace and sell them."

"Oh!" she thought. "If people from my father's kingdom come to the market and see me sitting there selling things, how they will ridicule me!"

But her protests did not help. She had to do what her husband demanded, unless she wanted to die of hunger.

At first it went well. People bought the woman's wares16 because she was beautiful, and they paid her whatever she asked. Many even gave her the money and let her keep the pots. So they lived on what she earned as long as it lasted. Then the husband bought a lot of new pottery17. She sat down with this at the corner of the marketplace and set it around her for sale. But suddenly there came a drunken hussar galloping18 along, and he rode right into the pots, breaking them into a thousand pieces. She began to cry, and was so afraid that she did not know what to do.

"Oh! What will happen to me?" she cried. "What will my husband say about this?" She ran home and told him of the misfortune.

"Who would sit at the corner of the marketplace with earthenware?" said the man. "Now stop crying. I see very well that you are not fit for any ordinary work. Now I was at our king's palace and asked if they couldn't use a kitchen maid. They promised me to take you. In return you will get free food."

The king's daughter now became a kitchen maid, and had to be available to the cook, and to do the dirtiest work. In each of her pockets she fastened a little jar, in which she took home her share of the leftovers19. And this is what they lived on.

It happened that the wedding of the king's eldest20 son was to be celebrated21, so the poor woman went up and stood near the door of the hall to look on. When all the lights were lit, and people, each more beautiful than the other, entered, and all was full of pomp and splendor22, she thought about her plight23 with a sad heart, and cursed the pride and haughtiness24 which had humbled26 her and brought her to such great poverty.

The smell of the delicious dishes which were being taken in and out reached her, and now and then the servants threw her a few scraps27, which she put in her jar to take home.

Then suddenly the king's son entered, clothed in velvet28 and silk, with gold chains around his neck. When he saw the beautiful woman standing by the door he took her by the hand and wanted danced with her. But she refused and took fright, for she saw that he was King Thrushbeard, the suitor whom she had rejected with scorn.

Her struggles did not help. He pulled her into the hall. But the string that tied up her pockets broke, and the pots fell to the floor. The soup ran out, and the scraps flew everywhere. When the people saw this, everyone laughed and ridiculed her. She was so ashamed that she would rather have been a thousand fathoms29 beneath the ground. She jumped out the door and wanted to run away, but a man overtook her on the stairs and brought her back. And when she looked at him, it was King Thrushbeard again.

He said to her kindly30, "Don't be afraid. I and the minstrel who has been living with you in that miserable hut are one and the same. For the love of you I disguised myself. And I was also the hussar who broke your pottery to pieces. All this was done to humble25 your proud spirit and to punish you for the arrogance31 with which you ridiculed me."

Then she cried bitterly and said, "I was terribly wrong, and am not worthy32 to be your wife."

But he said, "Be comforted. The evil days are past. Now we will celebrate our wedding."

Then the maids-in-waiting came and dressed her in the most splendid clothing, and her father and his whole court came and wished her happiness in her marriage with King Thrushbeard, and their true happiness began only now.

I wish that you and I had been there as well. #p#

從前， 有一位國王， 膝下有一個女兒， 美麗非凡， 卻因此而傲慢無理， 目中無人， 求婚的人里沒有誰中她的意。 她不但一個接一個地拒絕他們的美意， 而且還對人家冷嘲熱諷。

有一回， 國王舉行盛大宴會， 邀請了各地所有希望結婚的男子。 先入席的是幾個國王， 接著入席的是王子、公爵、伯爵和男爵，最后入席的是其余所有應邀而來男子。 公主走過這個行列， 可對每一位橫挑鼻子豎挑眼， 這位太胖啦， 她就用輕蔑的口氣說道： “好一個啤酒桶。 ”那個呢， 又高又瘦， 她就評頭論足地說道： “活像一只大蚊子。 ”下一個呢， 太矮啦……“五大三粗， 笨手笨腳。 ”她又說道。 第四個呢，臉色太蒼白啦， “一具死尸。 ”；第五個， 臉太紅潤……“一只公火雞。 ”第六個呢， 身板兒不夠直……“像一快放在爐子后面烤干的彎木頭。 ”就這樣， 她看誰都不順眼。

有一位國王， 下巴長得有點兒翹， 更是免不了遭到她的大肆嘲笑挖苦。 “我的天哪！ ”她一邊放聲大笑一邊高聲地說， “瞧這家伙的下巴呀， 長得跟畫眉嘴一模一樣啊！ ”打那以后， 這位國王就落了個諢名——畫眉嘴。 老國王發(fā)現女兒只是在嘲弄人家，對每個前來求婚的人都嗤之以鼻， 便大動干火， 發(fā)誓要把她嫁給第一個上門來討飯的叫花子。

幾天以后， 一個走街竄巷賣唱的人在王宮的窗下唱起歌來， 想討一點兒施舍。 國王聽見了歌聲， 便吩咐把這個人帶來見他。 賣唱的衣衫襤褸， 骯臟齷齪， 來到國王和公主面前唱了起來， 唱完便懇求給他一點兒賞賜。

國王對他說： “你的歌讓我很開心， 我就把我的女兒許配給你吧。 ”

公主一聽， 嚇得渾身發(fā)抖， 國王卻接著說： “我發(fā)過誓， 要把她嫁給第一個到這兒來討飯的叫花子， 我得言而有信。 ”

抗旨不遵完全是徒勞的。 于是， 請來了牧師， 為公主和這個走街竄巷賣唱的人舉行了婚禮。

婚禮結束后， 國王說道： “現在你已是一個叫花子的老婆了， 不宜再留宮中。 你和你丈夫快上路吧。 ”

叫花子牽著她的手往外就走， 公主不得不跟著他離開了王宮。 他們倆來到一片大樹林前面， 公主問： “這片樹林是誰的”

賣唱的便回答道：“是那位心地善良的畫眉嘴國王的呀，要是你當初嫁給他， 現在不就是你的嗎”

公主聽了回答說：“我這個可憐的女孩子啊， 當初有點兒翹尾巴， 要是嫁給畫眉嘴國王就好啦。 ”

隨后， 他們倆來到一片綠草地， 公主又問： “這片美麗的綠草地是誰的”“是那位心地善良的畫眉嘴國王的呀，要是你當初嫁給他， 現在不就是你的嗎”

于是， 公主又唉聲嘆氣地說：“我這個可憐的女孩子啊， 當初有點兒翹尾巴， 要是嫁給畫眉嘴國王就好啦。 ”

接著， 他們倆來到一座大城市， 公主又問： “這座美麗的城市是誰的”“是那位心地善良的畫眉嘴國王的呀，要是你當初嫁給他， 現在不就是你的嗎”

公主聽了說：“我這個可憐的女孩子啊， 當初有點兒翹尾巴， 要是嫁給畫眉嘴國王該多好啦。 ”“你老是渴望嫁給另一個男人， ”賣唱的說， “我聽了真氣憤。 難道我配不上你嗎”

最后， 他們倆來到一所很小的房子前， 她大聲地問：“這么小的房子我還沒見過，天哪， 它會是什么人的窩賣唱的回答說： ”這是我的房子， 也是你的家， 我們就共同生活在這里。 “

房門又矮又小， 公主進去時， 不得不彎下腰來， 不然就會碰了頭。“傭人在哪兒呢”公主問道。“哪來的傭人呀。 ”叫花子回答說， “干什么事你都得自己動手。 喏， 你得快點兒把火生起來， 把水燒開， 然后給我煮飯。 我已經累得不行了。 ”

可是， 公主哪里會生火煮飯呀， 叫花子只得自己動手， 不然就得挨餓。 他們的晚飯很簡單， 晚飯后， 就休息了。 誰知第二天一大早， 他就把她趕下床， 逼著她做家務事。

他們就這樣過了幾天， 吃完了所有的存糧， 丈夫于是說： “老婆， 你看， 咱們這樣光吃飯， 不掙錢， 可怎么活下去呀， 你來編筐子吧。 ”

說罷， 他就出去砍了些柳枝， 扛回家來。 公主開始編筐子， 可柳枝又粗又硬， 把她嬌嫩的雙手全弄傷了。“我覺得， ”丈夫說， “這樣不行啊， 別編筐子啦， 你還是紡線吧， 也許你會在行些。 ”

于是， 她開始坐下來試著紡線， 可是紗線很粗糙， 把她柔軟的手指勒得鮮血直流。“你看看， ”丈夫又說道， “這算怎么一回事嘛。 你什么也干不了， 娶了你當老婆， 我算倒霉透啦。 現在我得做一做陶器生意， 賣鍋碗瓢盆什么的。 你呢， 得到市場上去叫賣。 ”“天哪， ”她心想， “要是我父親王國里的人來趕集， 看到我在那兒叫賣鍋碗瓢盆， 他們一定會嘲笑我的！ ”

可是， 又有什么別的出路呢不然就得活活餓死。 一開始， 她的生意還不錯。 人們見她長得漂亮， 都來買她的東西， 而且連價也不還。 的確， 有幾個人付了錢， 卻又把鍋子作為禮物送給她。

夫妻倆靠她賣來的錢生活了一段時間， 然后丈夫又進了一批陶器。 她坐在市場的一個角落里， 把鍋碗瓢盆什么的擺放在自己的周圍，叫賣起來。 誰知一個喝得醉熏熏的騎兵突然打這兒急馳而過， 那匹馬沖進她的貨攤， 把所有的陶器踩得粉碎。 公主放聲大哭， 束手無策。“我的天呀， 我該怎么辦哪”她嗚咽著說， “我丈夫會怎么罵我呀。 ”于是， 她跑回家里， 跟丈夫說了自己的遭遇。“你是一個賣陶器的小販子， 哭管什么用， ”她丈夫說， “你什么活兒也干不了。 我只得跑到咱們國王的宮殿里， 打聽了一下你能不能在那兒當個幫廚女傭。 人家答應先試用一段時間， 還有， 你在那里可以白吃飯。 ”

這樣一來，公主就變成了幫廚女傭。 她給大師傅打下手， 干各種最臟的活兒。 她在衣服里縫了一個口袋， 在口袋里放了一只帶蓋的罐子， 每天把殘羹剩飯盛在里面， 帶回家中糊口。

為了慶祝國王的長子滿十八歲， 國王舉行了盛大的舞會。 在那個不同尋常的夜晚， 可憐的年輕女傭躲在上面大廳的門后， 偷偷地觀望。她目睹著蠟燭一根根點燃， 賓客們一個個步入大廳， 全都衣著華麗， 光彩照人。 面對眼前富麗堂皇、令人眼花繚亂的景像，她不無哀傷地想起自己悲慘的命運， 站在那里幾乎泣不成聲。 自己一向傲慢無理， 目中無人， 才落到今天這般貧窮凄慘的境地， 她感到痛悔不已。美味佳肴端進端出， 香味撲鼻， 她饞得口水直流， 仆人們不時扔給她一些殘渣剩菜， 她便裝進罐子里， 準備帶回家去。

國王的長子身著天鵝絨和綢緞衣服， 衣服上鑲嵌著鉆石， 脖子上掛著金項鏈， 正朝大廳走去， 發(fā)現這個可憐的女子站在門后，正偷偷地觀望著舞會的情景， 王子一把抓住她的手， 要和她跳舞， 她卻不肯。 她認出這位王子正是曾經向她求過婚，被她嘲弄侮辱過的那個畫眉嘴國王， 不禁嚇得渾身發(fā)抖。 可是， 不管她怎樣掙扎， 王子還是硬將她拉進了舞廳。 不料， 她用來系口袋的線繩，就在這時斷了， 罐子一下子滾了出來， 湯湯水水流了一地， 殘渣剩菜撒得到處都是。 人們一見哄堂大笑， 她成了眾人的笑柄，羞愧得恨不得有個地縫鉆進去。 她朝門口沖了過去， 想要逃走， 可在臺階上被一個男子攔住了去路， 又給拉了回來。 她定睛一看，這個男子又是畫眉嘴國王， 國王用親切和藹的語氣對她說：“別怕， 我和那個跟你生活在破破爛爛的小房子里的叫花子， 原本是一個人哪。 我很愛你， 才喬裝打扮成叫花子；那個喝得醉熏熏的、沖進你的貨攤， 把陶器踩得粉碎的騎兵， 也是我呀。 我做這些， 全是為了克服你的傲慢無禮， 懲罰你對新郎的嘲弄。 ”

公主聽罷， 痛哭流涕， 抽泣著對國王說： “我真是太不應該了， 不配做您的妻子。 ”

篇6

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

There was once a woman and her daughter who had a beautiful garden with cabbages. A hare got into it, and during the winter he ate all the cabbages. So the mother said to the daughter, "Go to the garden, and chase2 the hare away."

The girl said to the hare, "Shoo, shoo, hare! You're eating all our cabbages."

The hare said, "Come, girl, sit on my tail, and come with me to my hut."

The girl would not do that.

The next day the hare came again and ate cabbages, so the woman said to her daughter, "Go to the garden, and chase the hare away."

The girl said to the hare, "Shoo, shoo, hare! You're eating all our cabbages."

The hare said, "Come, girl, sit on my tail, and come with me to my hut."

The girl would not do that.

On the third day the hare came again and ate cabbages, so the woman said to her daughter, "Go to the garden and chase the hare away."

The girl said, "Shoo, shoo, hare! You're eating all our cabbages."

The hare said, "Come, girl, sit on my tail, and come with me to my hut."

So the girl sat on the hare's tail, and the hare took her far away to his little hut, and then said, "Now cook some green cabbage and millet3. "I'm going out to invite guests to our wedding."

Then all the wedding guests arrived. Who were the wedding guests? I can tell you, because someone else told me. They were all hares4, and the crow was there as parson to marry the bride and bridegroom, and the fox served as sexton, and their altar was under the rainbow.

But the girl was sad, for she was all alone.

The hare came up to her and said, "Open the door! Open the door! The wedding guests are making merry."

The bride cried and said nothing. The hare went away. Then the hare came back and said, "Open the door! Open the door! The wedding guests are hungry."

The bride continued to cry, and said nothing. The hare went away. Then he came back and said, "Open the door! Open the door! The wedding guests are waiting."

The bride said nothing, and the hare went away. Then she dressed a straw doll in her clothes, gave it a stirring-spoon, and stood it next to the millet pot. Then she went back to her mother.

The hare came once more and said, "Open the door! Open the door!" Then he opened the door himself and struck the doll on the head so that its cap fell off. Then the hare saw that this was not his bride, and he sadly went away.

從前有個婦人，她帶著女兒住在一座漂亮的花園里，院子里種了許多卷心菜。冬天，有只兔子來到院子里偷吃卷心菜，媽媽對女兒說：「去把那兔子趕走。小姑娘就出來對兔子說：「喂！兔子，你快把我們家的卷心菜吃光了。兔子對小姑娘說：「小姑娘，來坐到我尾巴上來吧，我?guī)闵衔壹胰ァ?/p>

小姑娘不肯。

第二天，兔子又來吃卷心菜了。媽媽又對女兒說：「到院子里去把那只兔子趕走。小姑娘就出來對兔子說：「喂！兔子，你快把我們家的卷心菜吃光了。兔子對小姑娘說：「小姑娘，來坐到我尾巴上來吧，我?guī)闵衔壹胰?。小姑娘還是拒絕了。

第三天，兔子又來了，坐在卷心菜上面。媽媽對女兒說：「去把那兔子趕走。小姑娘就出來對兔子說：「喂！兔子，你快把我們家的卷心菜吃光了。兔子對小姑娘說：「小姑娘，來坐到我尾巴上來吧，我?guī)闵衔壹胰ァＰ」媚镒酵米游舶蜕?，被帶到了很遠的兔子家。它對姑娘說：「現在動手燒飯吧，用青菜和小米，我去請來參加婚禮的客人。接著，所有的客人都到了（誰是客人？我把別人告訴我的說給你聽吧：全是兔子！奶牛是牧師，為新郎新娘主持婚禮；狐貍是司儀，祭壇在彩虹下面。）

篇7

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

Once upon a time there was a girl who was beautiful, but lazy and negligent1. When she had to spin she was so ill tempered that if there was a little knot in the flax, she at once pulled out a whole heap of it, and scattered2 it about on the ground beside her. Now she had a servant who was industrious3, and who gathered together the discarded flax, cleaned it, spun4 it well, and had a beautiful dress woven out of it for herself.

A young man had courted the lazy girl, and the wedding was about to take place. On the eve of the wedding, the industrious girl was dancing merrily about in her beautiful dress, and the bride said,

Ach, wat kann das M??ken5 springen

in minen Slickerlingen!

Ah, how that girl can jump about,

in my hurds!

The bridegroom heard this, and asked the bride what she meant by it. So she told him that the girl was wearing a dress made from the flax which she had thrown away. When the bridegroom heard this, and saw how lazy she was, and how industrious the poor girl was, he gave her up and went to the other girl, and chose her as his wife.

從前有位姑娘長得很漂亮，但很懶惰又馬虎。如果叫她紡織，她總是心浮意躁，麻里有個小結，她就會扯掉一大堆麻，扔在身邊的地上。有一個勤快的丫頭，把摔掉的麻收攏來，洗乾凈，又精心地紡了一遍，用它織成了一件漂亮的衣服。一個年輕人向那懶姑娘求婚，他們很快就要舉行婚禮了。在結婚的前一晚，那勤快的丫頭穿著她那美麗的衣服，高興地來他家跳舞，新娘說：

“啊呀，那丫頭穿著我不要的東西，

篇8

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

There was a man whose wife died, and a woman whose husband died. The man had a daughter, and the woman also had a daughter. The girls were acquainted with each other and went for a walk together. Afterwards they came to the woman in her house.

The woman said to the man's daughter, "Listen, tell your father that I would like to marry him, and then you shall wash yourself in milk every morning and drink wine, but my own daughter shall wash herself in water and drink water."

The girl went home and told her father what the woman had said.

The man said, "What shall I do? Marriage is a joy, but also a torment1."

Finally, being unable to reach a decision, he pulled off his boot and said, "Take this boot. It has a hole in its sole. Take it to the attic2, hang it on the big nail, and then pour water into it. If it holds the water, then I shall again take a wife, but if the water runs through it, then I shall not."

The girl did as she was told, but the water pulled the hole shut, and the boot filled up to the top. She told her father what had happened. Then he himself went up, and when he saw that she was right, he went to the widow and wooed her, and the wedding was held.

The next morning when the two girls got up, there was milk for the man's daughter to wash in and wine for her to drink, but there was water for the woman's daughter to wash herself with and water for her to drink. On the second morning there was water for washing and water to drink for the man's daughter as well as for the woman's daughter. And on the third morning there was water for washing and water to drink for the man's daughter, and milk for washing and wine to drink for the woman's daughter, and so it continued.

The woman became her stepdaughter's worst enemy, and from one day to the next she did whatever she could to make the stepdaughter's life more miserable3. Furthermore, she was envious4 because her stepdaughter was beautiful and kind, while her own daughter was ugly and disgusting.

Once in winter, when everything was frozen as hard as a stone, and the hills and valleys were covered with snow, the woman made a dress of paper, called her stepdaughter, and said, "Here, put this dress on and go out into the woods and fetch me a basketful of strawberries. I have a longing5 for some."

"Good heaven." said the girl. "Strawberries don't grow in the winter. The ground is frozen, and furthermore the snow has covered everything. And why am I to go out in this paper dress? It is so cold outside that one's breath freezes. The wind will blow through the dress, and the thorns will tear it from my body."

"Will you contradict me?" said the stepmother. "Be on your way, and do not let me see you again until you have the basketful of strawberries." Then she gave her a little piece of hard bread and said, "You can eat from this all day," while thinking, "You will freeze and starve to death out there, and I shall never see you again."

The girl obeyed and put on the paper dress and went out with the basket. There was nothing but snow far and wide, and not a green blade was to be seen. After coming into the woods she saw a small house. Three little dwarfs6 peeped out. She greeted them and gently knocked on the door.

They shouted, "Come in," and she went into the room and sat down on the bench by the stove to warm herself and eat her breakfast.

The dwarfs said, "Give us some of it, too."

"Gladly," she said, and broke her piece of bread in two, giving them half."

They asked, "What are you doing here in the woods in the wintertime and in your thin dress."

"Oh," she answered, "I am supposed to gather a basketful of strawberries, and am not allowed to go home until I have them."

When she had eaten her bread they gave her a broom and said, "Sweep away the snow next to the back door."

Once she was outside, the three little men said to one another, "What shall we give her for being so polite and good and sharing her bread with us."

The first one said, "I grant her that every day she shall grow more beautiful."

The second one said, "I grant her that gold pieces shall fall from her mouth every time she speaks a word."

The third one said, "I grant her that a king shall come and take her to wife."

The girl did what the dwarfs told her to, and with the broom she swept the snow away from behind the little house, and what do you think she found? Nothing other than ripe strawberries, which came up out of the snow quite dark red. Joyfully7 she gathered her basketful, thanked the little men, shook hands with each of them, then ran home to take her stepmother what she had demanded.

Upon entering she said, "Good-evening," and a piece of gold fell out of her mouth. Then she told what had happened to her in the woods, but with every word she spoke8 gold pieces fell from her mouth, and soon the whole room was covered with them.

"Just look at her arrogance," shouted the stepsister, "to throw gold about in such a manner." But she was secretly envious, and she too wanted to go into the woods to look for strawberries.

The mother said, "No, my dear little daughter, it is too cold. You could freeze to death."

However, her daughter gave no peace, so finally the mother gave in. She sewed a magnificent fur coat for her and had her put it on. She gave her buttered bread and cake for her journey.

The girl went into the woods and straight up to the little house. The three little dwarfs peeped out again, but she did not greet them. Without looking at them and without greeting them, she stumbled into the room, sat down by the stove, and began to eat her buttered bread and cake.

"Give us some of it," shouted the little men.#p#

She replied, "There is not enough for me myself. How can I give some of it to others?"

When she was finished eating they said, "Here is a broom for you. Sweep in front of the back door."

"Sweep for yourselves," she answered. "I am not your maid."

Seeing that they were not going to give her anything, she walked out the door.

Then the little men said to one another, "What shall we give her for being so impolite and having a wicked and envious heart that will never let her give a thing to anyone?"

The first one said, "I grant that every day she shall grow uglier."

The second one said, "I grant that a toad9 shall jump out of her mouth with every word she says."

The third one said, "I grant that she shall die an unfortunate death."

The girl looked outside for strawberries, but finding none, she went home angrily. And when she opened her mouth to tell her mother what had happened to her in the woods, a toad jumped out of her mouth with every word she said, so that everyone was repulsed10 by her.

The stepmother now became even more angry, and she could think of nothing else but how she could torment the man's daughter, who nonetheless grew more beautiful every day. Finally she took a kettle, set it on the fire, and boiled yarn11 in it. When it was boiled, she hung it on the poor girl's shoulder, gave her an ax, and told her to go to the frozen river, chop a hole in the ice, and rinse12 the yarn. She obeyed, went to the river and chopped a hole in the ice. While she was chopping, a splendid carriage approached, with the king seated inside.

The carriage stopped, and the king asked, "My child, who are you, and what are you doing here?"

"I am a poor girl, and I am rinsing13 yarn."

The king felt compassion14, and when he saw how very beautiful she was, he said to her, "Will you ride with me?"

"Gladly," she answered, for she was happy to get away from the mother and sister.

So she got into the carriage and rode away with the king. When they arrived at his palace their wedding was celebrated15 with great pomp, just as the little men had promised the girl.

A year later the young queen gave birth to a son, and when the stepmother heard of her good fortune, she came with her daughter to the palace, pretending that she wanted to pay her a visit. But when the king went out, and no one else was present, the wicked woman seized the queen by the head, and her daughter seized her by the feet, and lifting her out of her bed, they threw her out the window into the stream that flowed by.

After that the ugly daughter lay down in the bed, and the old woman covered her up over her head. When the king returned and wanted to speak to his wife, the old woman said, "Quiet. Quiet. You cannot talk to her now. She has a very high fever. You must let her rest today."

The king suspected no evil, and did not return until the next morning. As he then talked with his wife, and she answered him, a toad jumped out with every word, whereas previously16 a piece of gold had fallen out. When he asked what was the matter, the old woman said that it came from her high fever, and that she would soon lose it.

During the night the kitchen boy saw a duck swimming along the gutter17, and it said, "King, what are you doing? Are you awake or are you asleep?"

Receiving no answer, it said, "What are my guests doing?"

Then the kitchen boy answered, "They are fast asleep."

She asked further, "What is my little baby doing?"

He answered, "He is sound asleep in his cradle."

Then, in the form of the queen, she went upstairs, nursed the baby, fluffed up his cover, tucked him in, and then she swam off through the gutter as a duck.

She came in the same manner for two nights. On the third night, she said to the kitchen boy, "Go and tell the king to take his sword and on the threshold to swing it over me three times."

The kitchen boy ran and told this to the king, who came with his sword and swung it over the spirit three times, and after the third time, his wife was standing18 before him, vigorous, alive, and healthy, as she had been before.

The king was elated, but he kept the queen hidden in a room until the Sunday when the baby was to be baptized. At the baptism he said, "What does a person deserve who drags someone out of bed and throws him into the water?"

The old woman answered, "The scoundrel deserves nothing better than to be put into a barrel stuck full of nails, and then rolled downhill into the water."

Then the king said, "You have pronounced your own sentence."

He ordered such a barrel to be brought. The old woman and her daughter were put into it, and the top was hammered shut. Then the barrel was rolled downhill until it fell into the river. #p#

從前，有個男人死了妻子，有個女人死了丈夫。這個男人有個女兒，這個女人也有個女兒。兩個小姑娘互相認識，經常一起出去散步。有一天，她們散完步后一起來到女人的家里，女人對男人的女兒說：「聽著，告訴你爸爸，說我愿意嫁給他，從此你天天早晨都能用牛奶洗臉，還能喝上葡萄酒，而我自己的女兒只能用水洗臉，也只能喝清水。小姑娘回到家中，把女人的話告訴了她爸爸。男人說：「我該怎么辦呢？結婚是喜事，可也會帶來痛苦。他遲遲拿不定主意，最后脫下一只靴子，說：「這只靴子的底上有個洞。你把它拎到閣樓上去，把它掛在一根大釘子上，然后往里面灌些水。要是水沒有漏出來，我就再娶個妻子；可要是水漏了出來，我就不娶。姑娘按她父親所說的辦了?？墒撬沟枚疵洈n了，靴子里灌滿了水也沒有漏出來。她把結果告訴了她父親，父親又親自上來察看，看到情況果然如此，便去向那寡婦求婚，然后舉行了婚禮。

第一天早晨，兩個姑娘起來后，在男人的女兒的面前果然放著洗臉的牛奶和喝的葡萄酒，而在女人的女兒的面前放著的只有洗臉的清水和喝的清水。第二天早晨，男人的女兒和女人的女兒的面前都放著洗臉的清水和喝的清水。到了第三天早晨，男人的女兒的面前放著洗臉用的清水和喝的清水，而女人的女兒的面前卻放著洗臉用的牛奶和喝的葡萄酒。以后天天都是這樣。那女人成了她繼女的死敵，對她一天壞似一天，她還萬分嫉妒她的繼女，因為她的繼女美麗可愛，而她自己的女兒又丑又令人討厭。

冬天到了，一切都凍得像石頭一樣硬，山頂和山谷都被大雪覆蓋著。一天，女人用紙做了件衣服，把她的繼女叫過來，說：「聽著，你穿上這件衣服，到森林里去給我採一籃草莓，我很想吃?！柑炷?！姑娘說，「冬天怎么會有草莓呢？地上都結了冰，大雪把一切都蓋住了，再說，我怎么能穿著這身紙衣服出去呢？外面冷得連呼出的氣都能凍起來。風會往這衣服里面吹，荊棘也會把它掛破的?！改愀腋翼斪欤坷^母說，「你快給我去！要是沒有採到一籃草莓，你就別想回來！然后她又給姑娘一小塊硬梆梆的麵包，說：「這是你一天的口糧，心里卻在想：「你在外面不會凍死也會餓死的，別想再回來煩我。

姑娘只好順從地穿上紙衣服，提著籃子走了出去。外面一片冰天雪地，連一棵綠草都找不到。她來到森林里后，看到一座小房子，里面有三個小矮人在向外張望。她向他們問好，然后輕輕地敲了敲門。他們叫「進來，她便走進屋，坐在爐子旁的長凳上烤火，吃她的早飯。小矮人們說：「也分一點給我們吧。「好的，她說著便把麵包掰成兩半，給了他們一半。他們問：「你大冬天穿著這身薄薄的衣服到森林里來干嗎？「唉，她回答，「我得採一籃草莓，否則我就回不了家了。等她吃完麵包后，他們遞給她一把掃帚，說：「去幫我們把后門的雪掃掉吧?？傻人鋈ズ?，三個小矮人卻商量了起來：「她這么可愛，又把麵包分給了我們，我們送她甚么好呢？第一個矮人說：「我送給她的禮物是：她一天比一天更美麗。第二個矮人說：「我送給她的禮物是：她一開口說話就吐出金子來。第三個矮人說：「我送給她的禮物是：一個國王娶她當王后。

姑娘這時正按照他們的吩咐，用掃帚把小屋后面的雪掃掉。她看到了甚么？雪下面露出了紅彤彤的草莓！她高興極了，趕緊裝了滿滿一籃子，謝了小矮人，還和他們一一握手道別，然后帶著她繼母垂涎的東西跑回家去了。誰知，她進門剛說了聲「晚上好，嘴里就掉出來一塊金子！於是，她把自己在森林里遇到的事情講了出來，而且每講一句，嘴里就掉出來一塊金子，弄得家里很快就堆滿了金子?！盖扑歉钡滦校±^母的女兒嚷道，「就這樣亂扔金子！她心里嫉妒得要命，也渴望著到森林里去採草莓。她母親卻說：「不行，我的好女兒，外面太冷了，你會凍死的?？墒撬畠豪p著不放，她最后只好讓步。她給女兒縫了件皮襖，硬要她穿上；然后又給她抹了黃油的麵包和蛋糕，讓她帶著路上吃。

這個姑娘進了森林之后，逕直向小屋走去。三個小矮人又在屋里向外張望，可是她根本不和他們打招呼，既不看他們，也不和他們說話，大搖大擺地走進屋，一屁股坐到爐子旁，吃起自己的麵包和蛋糕來。「分一點給我們吧，小矮人們說；可是她卻回答：「這都不夠我自己吃的，怎么能分給別人呢？等她吃完，他們又說：「這里有把掃帚，把后門的雪掃乾凈。她回答：「我又不是你們的傭人?？吹剿麄儾粫o她任何禮物了，她便自己沖出了屋子。三個小矮人商量道：「像她這種壞心腸的小懶鬼，又不肯施舍給別人東西，我們該送她甚么呢？第一個矮人說：「我讓她長得一天比一天丑！第二個矮人說：「我讓她一開口說話就從嘴里跳出一只癩蛤?。〉谌齻€矮人說：「我讓她不得好死！姑娘在屋外找草莓，可一個也找不到，只好氣鼓鼓地回家去了。她開口給母親講自己在森林里的遭遇，可是，她每講一句話，嘴里就跳出來一只癩蛤蟆，把大家都嚇壞了。#p#

這一來繼母更是氣壞了，千方百計地盤算著怎么折磨丈夫的女兒，可是這姑娘卻長得一天比一天更美。終於，繼母取出一只鍋子，架在火堆上，在里面煮線團。線團煮過之后，她把它撈出來，搭在姑娘的肩膀上，然后又給姑娘一把斧頭，讓她去結冰的小河，在冰面上鑿一個洞，在洞里漂洗線團。姑娘順從地來到河邊，走到河中央鑿冰。她正鑿著，岸上駛來了一輛華麗的馬車，里面坐著國王。馬車停了下來，國王問：「姑娘，你是誰？在這里干甚么？「我是個可憐的女孩，在這里漂洗線團。國王很同情她，而且又看到她長得這么美麗，便對她說：「你愿意和我一起走嗎？「當然愿意啦。她回答，因為她非常高興能離開繼母和繼母的女兒。姑娘坐到國王的馬車上，和國王一起回到宮中。他倆立刻就舉行了婚禮，正像三個小矮人許諾過的一樣。一年后，年輕的王后生下了一個兒子。她的繼母早已聽說她交上了好運，這時也帶著親生女兒來到王宮，假裝是來看王后的。可是看到國王剛出去，而且旁邊又沒有別人，這壞心腸的女人就抓住王后的頭，她的女兒抓住王后的腳，把她從床上抬下來，從窗口把她扔進了外面的大河里。然后，繼母的丑女兒躺在床上，老婆子從頭到腳把她蓋了起來。當國王回到房間，想和他的妻子說話的時候，老婆子叫了起來：「噓，唬，不要打攪她，她現在正在發(fā)汗。今天不要打攪她。國王絲毫沒有懷疑，一直等到第二天早晨才過來。他和妻子說話，誰知她剛開口，嘴里就跳出來一只癩蛤蟆，而不像從前那樣掉出金子來。國王問這是怎么回事，老婆子便說這是發(fā)汗發(fā)出來的，很快就會好的。但是當天夜里，王宮里的小幫工看見一只鴨子從下水道里游了出來，而且聽見它說：

「國王，你在做甚么？

你是睡著了還是醒著？

看到小幫工沒有回答，它又說：

「我的兩位客人在做甚么？

小幫工說：

「她們睡熟了。

鴨子又問：

「我的小寶寶在做甚么？

小幫工回答：

篇9

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

There was a girl who was lazy and would not spin. Her mother could not make her do so, whatever she said to her. Finally anger and impatience1 so overcame the mother that she beat her, upon which the girl began to cry loudly.

Now the queen was just driving by, and when she heard the crying she ordered her carriage to stop, went into the house, and asked the mother why she was beating her daughter so that her cries could be heard out on the road.

The woman was ashamed to reveal2 her daughter's laziness and said, "I cannot make her stop spinning. She wants to spin on and on forever, and I am poor, and cannot get the flax."

Then the queen answered, "There is nothing that I like better to hear than spinning. I am never happier than when the wheels are humming. Let your daughter come with me to the palace. I have flax enough. There she can spin to her heart's content."

The mother was completely satisfied with this, and the queen took the girl with her. Arriving at the palace, she took her upstairs to three rooms which were filled from the bottom to the top with the finest flax.

"Now spin this flax for me," she said, "and when you are finished, you shall have my oldest son for a husband. I do not mind if you are poor. Your untiring industry will do for a dowry."

The girl was frightened inside, for she would not be able to spin the flax, not even if she had lived until she was three hundred years old, sitting at it every day from morning until evening. When she was alone she began to cry, and just sat there for three days without moving a hand. On the third day the queen came, and when she saw that nothing had been spun3 yet, she was surprised. The girl excused herself by saying that because of her sorrow at being away from her mother's house, she had not yet been able to begin.

This satisfied the queen, but as she left she said, "Tomorrow you must begin my work."

When the girl was alone again, she did not know what to do, or where to turn for help. In her distress4 she went to the window. There she saw three women coming toward5 her. The first one had a broad flat foot, the second one had such a large lower lip that it hung down over her chin, and the third one had a broad thumb.

They stopped outside the window, looked up, and asked the girl what was wrong with her.

She bemoaned6 her troubles to them, upon which they offered her their help, saying, "If you will invite us to your wedding, not be ashamed of us, call us your aunts, and let us be seated at your table, we will spin all the flax for you, and in a very short time at that."

"With all my heart," she answered. "Come right in and begin the work at once."

Then she let the three strange women in, and cleared out a space in the first room where they could sit down and begin their spinning. The one pulled the thread and peddled7 the wheel, the second one moistened the thread, the third twisted it, then struck the table with her finger. Each time she struck, a skein of the most finely spun thread fell to the floor.

The girl kept the three spinners hidden from the queen, but whenever she came, the girl showed her the great quantity of thread that had been spun. The queen could not praise her enough.

When the first room was empty, they went to work on the second one, and on the third one, and it too was quickly cleaned out.

The three women now took leave and said to the girl, "Do not forget what you have promised us. It will bring you good luck."

When the girl showed the queen the empty rooms and the large pile of thread, the latter made preparations for the wedding. The bridegroom was happy that he was getting such a clever and industrious8 wife, and he praised her vigorously9.

"I have three aunts," said the girl. "Because they have been very kind to me, I do not want to forget them in my good fortune. Allow me to invite them to the wedding, and let them be seated next to us at the table."

The queen and the bridegroom said, "Why should we not allow that?"

When the feast10 began, the three women, dressed in strange clothing, entered.

The bride said, "Welcome, dear aunts."

"Oh," said the bridegroom, "what brought you to this hideous11 friendship?"

Then he went to the one with the broad flat foot, and asked, "Where did you get such a broad foot?"

"From peddling12," she answered. "From peddling."

Then the bridegroom went to the second one, and said, "Where did you get this fallen lip?"

"From licking13," she answered. "From licking."

Then he asked the third one, "Where did you get this broad thumb?"

"From twisting thread," she answered. "From twisting thread."

This alarmed the prince, and he said, "My beautiful bride shall never again touch a spinning wheel."

With that she was freed from hateful flax spinning.#p#

從前有個女孩，非常懶惰，怎么著都不愿意紡紗。

終於有一天，母親感到忍無可忍，就打了她一頓，她於是嚎啕大哭起來。正巧這時王后乘車從門前經過，聽見了哭聲，吩咐把車停下來，進屋問那位母親為甚么打女兒。做母親的怎好意思說自己的女兒如何如何的懶惰，於是就回答說：「我叫她不要再紡了，可她就是不聽，在紡車上仍然紡個不停。

我窮啊，哪買得起那么多的亞麻呀。

王后聽了說道：「我最愛紡紗。讓你的女兒隨我進宮去吧，我有的是亞麻，她愿意紡多少就紡多少。

母親聽了這話，打心眼兒里高興，滿口答應下來，王后便帶著女孩走了。

她們到了王宮之后，王后領著女孩上了樓，把三間庫房指給她看，只見庫房里裝滿了最好的亞麻?！高觯憔蜑槲壹忂@些亞麻吧，王后說道，「你甚么時候紡完了，就嫁給我的長子。

女孩聽了心里一陣驚恐——即使她每天從早紡到晚，紡到她三百歲的時候，也休想把那么多的亞麻紡完。剩下女孩獨自一人時，她就哭了起來。她就這樣哭哭啼啼地坐著，一晃兒三天過去了，還沒動手紡紗呢。第三天，女孩不知如何是好，憂心忡忡地來到窗前。恰在這時她看見有三個女人走了過來：第一個女人的一個腳板又寬又平；第二個的下嘴唇很長，耷拉到下巴上；而第三個的一只大拇指非常寬大。這三個女人走到窗下停住了腳，問女孩為甚么憂心忡忡，她就向她們訴說了自己的苦惱。「只要你不嫌我們丟人，他們對女孩說道，「請我們參加你的婚禮，說我們是你的表姐，并且讓我們與你同桌喝喜酒，我們就幫你把這些亞麻紡完。

「我非常樂意。女孩回答說。

說罷，女孩就讓這三個長相奇特的女人進屋來。她們進來后剛一坐下就開始紡紗。每次王后來，女孩生怕王后發(fā)現，便把那三個紡紗女藏起來，而讓王后看已經紡好的紗。王后看了之后，對她讚不絕口。

庫房里所有的亞麻都紡完了，這三個紡織女便跟女孩告別，臨行前對她說道：「你可千萬不要忘記了對我們許下的諾言，這關系到你自己的幸福啊。

女孩領著王后看了三間空蕩蕩的庫房和堆得像小山似的紗線，王后於是就安排了婚禮。

「我有三位表姐，女孩說，「她們待我非常好。在我自己幸福如意的時候，怎么也不愿意冷漠了她們。請允許我邀請她們來參加婚禮，并且讓她們在婚宴上和我們坐在一起。

王后和王子欣然同意?；槎Y那天，三個紡紗女果然來了。她們打扮得怪模怪樣的，很令人發(fā)笑。新娘馬上迎上去說：

「歡迎你們，親愛的表姐們。

「你的幾個表姐怎么長得這么丑？王子問道。隨后，他轉身走到那個大腳板女人身邊，問道：「您的一只腳怎么會這樣大呢？

「踏紡車踏的唄。她回答道。

新郎又走到第二個女人身旁，問道：「您的嘴唇怎么會耷拉著呢？

「舔麻線舔的唄。她回答說。

然后他問第三個女人：「您的大拇指怎么會這樣寬呢？

「捻麻線捻的唄。她回答說。

篇10

［關鍵詞］職業(yè)教育 文化傳統(tǒng) 關系研究

［中圖分類號］G640［文獻標識碼］A［文章編號］1009-5349（2011）09-0162-03

職業(yè)教育是在人類社會發(fā)展歷程中產生的一種社會現象。職業(yè)教育誕生于工業(yè)化的社會大生產，由于產業(yè)革命的推動和科學技術革命的發(fā)生，職業(yè)教育與廣泛的社會生活特別是人類的經濟生活發(fā)生了緊密的聯(lián)系，因此人們往往習慣于從經濟學的角度來研究職業(yè)教育，來研究其價值和作用。但我國的職業(yè)教育發(fā)展并不符合經濟研究的范式，有自己的特色，很多的問題并不能單純從經濟學角度進行揭示。因而，從文化角度特別是中國文化傳統(tǒng)的角度進行解釋就顯得尤為重要。進而，探尋文化與教育特別是職業(yè)教育深刻的內在聯(lián)系，尋找我國職業(yè)教育進一步發(fā)展的文化動力和方向。

一、文化視野下的職業(yè)教育本質

從文化的角度來研究職業(yè)教育，首先必須把握文化的概念，但“適用于一切學科的文化概念是不存在的，文化的概念是依據于特定的學科或研究主題的?！睙o論是英美的實證社會學傳統(tǒng)那樣從形態(tài)學、模式論和結構論的觀點來看待文化，或是德國的思辨歷史哲學傳統(tǒng)那樣從發(fā)展性和動態(tài)性來看待文化都過于片面?！拔幕陌l(fā)展在一定的歷史斷面總是表現為物質化或形態(tài)化的形式，即表現為特定歷史時間的物質文化、制度文化和觀念文化”。因此，我們在理解文化概念的時候，就必須同時兼顧到兩種哲學傳統(tǒng)的觀點，既要把握文化的本質，又要注重文化的外部表現形式。

要把握文化的本質，就必須將其同人和勞動聯(lián)系起來，人是通過勞動而創(chuàng)造文化的。勞動所創(chuàng)造的文化的外部表現形式是物質產品和精神產品。同時，人在創(chuàng)造這些物質產品和精神產品過程中也創(chuàng)造著自身，豐富著自己本身的力量和發(fā)展著自身與社會的各種關系。因此，文化的本質即是“人的本質的展現和形成的原因”。人通過勞動創(chuàng)造了文化、創(chuàng)造了人――發(fā)展了的人。但是文化一旦被創(chuàng)造出來，便成為一種獨立于人的力量，成為人從事新的文化創(chuàng)造的制約因素，形成了人與文化的矛盾。而造成這種矛盾關系的并不僅僅是人類的物質生產實踐活動，而主要是從人類的物質生產實踐活動中分化出來的特殊實踐活動――教育實踐活動在起作用。因為教育實踐活動一方面把前人創(chuàng)造的文化成果傳承下來，使人類文化不致中斷，并使其作為人們從事新的文化創(chuàng)造的基礎；另一方面，它又使人簡捷地獲得前人的文化成果，發(fā)展人的文化創(chuàng)造力。這就是說，從發(fā)展的角度來看，如果沒有教育，便不會形成文化與人的矛盾，也不會實現文化與人的統(tǒng)一。因此，“文化―人―教育”構成了一種特殊的關系，文化對教育的制約以及教育對文化的選擇都是通過人為紐帶的，因而教育與文化并不是直接作用的關系，教育是在文化與人的對立統(tǒng)一關系中起作用。

對于職業(yè)教育更是如此。職業(yè)教育根植于技術哲學，不僅具有教育屬性還具有職業(yè)屬性，因此職業(yè)教育不僅是構成教育和文化之間矛盾的因素之一，也是構成技術文化和教育之間矛盾的主要因素，而其作用的展現正是通過對人的影響得以實現的。技術文化對人的深刻影響不僅會限制技術水平的發(fā)展，也會限制職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展；職業(yè)教育對人的強力作用不僅會促進技術的提升，也會影響技術文化的傳播與發(fā)展。因此，文化視野下職業(yè)教育的本質是傳承和創(chuàng)造技術文化，促進人的技術技能提升。

二、文化傳統(tǒng)與職業(yè)教育的相互作用

很多人將影響和制約我國職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的文化因素歸結為以儒家倫理道德思想為核心的傳統(tǒng)文化。這種認識中，中國傳統(tǒng)文化一語的核心是文化，認為文化造成了對職業(yè)教育的直接影響，但文化并不能直接對教育造成影響，而是通過對人的作用間接影響職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展，具體影響人們對職業(yè)教育的選擇、對職業(yè)教育產品――技術技能型人才的認可和對技術技能型工作的關注和理解等。我國著名的文化學者莊錫昌等認為：“文化的基本的核心由兩部分組成，一是傳統(tǒng)（即從歷史上得到并選擇）的思想，一是與他們有關的價值?！蹦敲矗绊懳覈殬I(yè)教育發(fā)展的到底是文化中的傳統(tǒng)還是其價值呢？（此處，“價值”并不是指經濟學領域的勞動價值或商品價值，而是人類對于自我發(fā)展的本質發(fā)現、創(chuàng)造與創(chuàng)新的要素本體，包括任意的物質形態(tài)，也就是我們常說的“價值觀”中的價值。）人創(chuàng)造自我世界的一切發(fā)展即有價值，價值的核心本質內涵是自由人。所以，文化中的“價值”的核心是人，只能產生對人的影響，而這樣的影響的結果也只能限定在人的主觀世界中，對社會整體的影響是有限的，因為不同人對價值的主觀理解是不同的。因此，影響職業(yè)教育的應是文化中內涵的人民選擇的文化傳統(tǒng)。

在文化傳統(tǒng)這個術語中，傳統(tǒng)是個中心詞，文化是用來限定傳統(tǒng)的，即傳統(tǒng)是表述某種事物的概念，而不是用來表達時間的概念。由此可以看出文化傳統(tǒng)是指在人類的社會文化生活中逐漸形成，并作為歷史遺產代代傳遞、積累保存下來，直到現在還在產生影響的文化特質、文化模式和文化要素的結合體。這種傳統(tǒng)一經形成，便具有相對的穩(wěn)定性。文化傳統(tǒng)強調的是傳統(tǒng)文化背后的精神連接，是活在現實中的文化，具有動態(tài)流向。美國社會學家希爾斯指出：“它(傳統(tǒng))至少要持續(xù)三代人――無論長短――才能成為傳統(tǒng)?！蔽幕瘋鹘y(tǒng)當然存在于傳統(tǒng)社會的文化現象中，但它更多的是指這些文化現象所隱含的規(guī)則、理念、秩序和所包含的信仰。它們融匯于教育活動過程之中，制約著教育活動的方方面面。正如斯賓格勒所說：“一定社會特有的文化傳統(tǒng)滲透于社會生活的各個方面，強烈的制約著教育過程的進行和人們養(yǎng)育子女的方式?！?/p>

（一）文化傳統(tǒng)對職業(yè)教育的影響

教育是一種傳承與延續(xù)文化的活動，文化傳統(tǒng)作為人類創(chuàng)造所有文化成果中最具有生命力的文化的精粹，必然要對教育活動及其活動傳統(tǒng)的形成產生顯著的作用。文化傳統(tǒng)對職業(yè)教育的影響主要體現在以下幾個方面：

1.文化傳統(tǒng)影響職業(yè)教育的價值觀。文化傳統(tǒng)作為一個民族獨特的認識和把握世界的方式，有著自己固定的行為規(guī)范與思維方式，體現著獨特的民族心理和經驗。從廣義上說，中國文化傳統(tǒng)不但包括以儒家文化為核心并以文字符號所表達的政治、法律、哲學、文學、藝術等意識形態(tài)，還包括中國傳統(tǒng)的生活方式、行為方式、思維方式以及價值追求。中國幾千年的教育重視道德發(fā)展和人格完善，輕視主體對物質世界的探求。我國的教育傳統(tǒng)是依靠道德的完善使人在社會生活、政治活動諸領域實現自己的主體價值，有才無德是決然難以被接受的。職業(yè)教育的價值追求也就更多地注重于職業(yè)道德的培養(yǎng)和對職業(yè)的歸屬感。因此，職業(yè)教育本應擁有的實利性的價值追求在我國是沒有的。

我國傳統(tǒng)教育奉行“文以載道”，極少涉及自然現象及科學技術方面的問題，至多只是按照“技進于道”的文化觀念教育學生從自然現象與規(guī)律中悟出人生之道，而“技”本身不足為道，是“奇技巧”。因此，我國職業(yè)教育自身發(fā)展的土壤是沒有的，我國現代意義上的職業(yè)教育完全是照搬西方學制的產物。假使中國沒有被西方列強打開國門，一直維系著自身的發(fā)展，也不可能從本土誕生出以技藝發(fā)展和價值追求為核心的職業(yè)教育的。

2.文化傳統(tǒng)決定職業(yè)教育的內容。一定的社會制度決定著一定的文化基礎，而一定文化基礎又決定著職業(yè)技術教育的內容?？茖W技術知識和經濟價值追求是職業(yè)技術教育內容的重要方面，然而在我國的文化傳統(tǒng)中，“道”與“術”本來就是相互獨立的范疇，“道”中不包括“術”的成分，這樣“道”才可以“馭術”。因此傳統(tǒng)教育觀念重視文化歷史和道德倫理方面的知識，而輕視自然科學和生產技術。從漢代的取士制度到隋唐的科舉制度，都是注重道德倫理和法律文化方面的理論知識，忽略了科學技術和實際操作。職業(yè)教育的內容仍深受這種理念的影響，側重于向學生傳授理論的東西，強調知識的傳授，忽視操作技能的培養(yǎng)，而職業(yè)教育的顯著特點恰恰就是其職業(yè)性和實踐性。

3.文化傳統(tǒng)限定職業(yè)教育的方式。中國文化傳統(tǒng)中蘊含的思維更多地涉及精神層面的抽象，而不注重那些形式邏輯的辯論。因此，中國文化傳統(tǒng)中的思維更多的是一種經驗式思維，它傾向于對感性經驗作抽象的整體把握，而不是對經驗事實作具體的概念分析；它重視對感性經驗的直接超越，因而缺少概念的確定性和明晰性，強調直覺思維而不善邏輯性的思維操作。而職業(yè)教育作為一門專門的技術技能教育，以實踐性操作為主，強調的恰恰是邏輯性的思維操作，因此我國的職業(yè)教育不能充分重視操作技能的培養(yǎng)也來源于此。我國的職業(yè)技術教育在其教學組織、教學方法及個性發(fā)展等方面都打著我國文化傳統(tǒng)的烙印。

4.文化傳統(tǒng)影響職業(yè)教育的社會地位。中國的文化傳統(tǒng)更多的強調教育的選拔功能，通過各種選拔性的考試進行篩選，把人們分配到不同等級的學校、單位甚至賦予不同的社會地位。“學而優(yōu)則仕”和“勞心者治人，勞力者治于人”的傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響下，人們通常把科學家、企業(yè)家、高級干部、工程師、教授以及醫(yī)生等稱為“人才”，是“勞心”之人；而把普通工人、農民以及營業(yè)員等稱為“勞動力”，是“勞力”之人。社會上許多用人單位也常以學歷、文憑作為選拔、聘用人才的標準，由于學歷、文憑的標準要求較高，許多職業(yè)院校畢業(yè)生參與競聘時，往往連競聘工作崗位的“入門證”都難以取得。因此，社會認同感在很大程度上影響了職業(yè)院校的生源，從而影響了中國職業(yè)教育的健康發(fā)展。

（二）職業(yè)教育對文化的作用

文化傳統(tǒng)通過作用于人來間接影響教育，教育并不選擇和傳播文化傳統(tǒng)，而是繼承了文化的價值，選擇并傳播創(chuàng)新過了的新的文化。這一切都是通過對人的教育而實現的。一方面，教育使人適應文化，使人得到發(fā)展，又使文化適應人，使之不至于成為人發(fā)展的障礙。另一方面，教育所培養(yǎng)的人，又創(chuàng)造出更復雜、更高深的文化成果。教育實現了文化與人的雙向建構，即用文化完善人，又通過人來豐富文化，從而發(fā)展了文化與人的內涵。職業(yè)教育根植于技術哲學與技術文化，它使人適應的是實用性的技術文化，發(fā)展人的技能水平；同時，又使人通過自身的技術技能創(chuàng)造出新的技術，發(fā)展新的技能，更新技術文化。職業(yè)教育對文化的具體作用方式主要表現為：選擇和批判；傳承和傳播；適應和創(chuàng)新。

1.職業(yè)教育對文化的選擇和批判。文化選擇是文化變遷和文化發(fā)展過程中所產生的一種重要的文化現象，表現為對某種文化的自動擷取或排斥。職業(yè)教育對文化的選擇應是技術性的、實用性的、功利性的；與之對比，普通教育對文化的選擇是經驗性的、理論性的、非功利性的。簡單地說，技術的發(fā)展是先有需求再有創(chuàng)新，科學的發(fā)展是先有研究再有應用。文化批判則是職業(yè)教育按照自身的價值目標和理想追求，對社會現實的文化狀況進行分析，做出肯定性或否定性的評價，引導社會文化向健康方向發(fā)展。職業(yè)教育對文化的選擇和批判不僅能夠增強技術文化在社會文化中的地位，而且能夠設立職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的文化前提。由于在中國本土并沒有誕生自己的職業(yè)教育，就缺失了職業(yè)教育對社會文化的選擇和批判，中國的傳統(tǒng)文化中完全是“道”的世界，“術”為末次，這樣的文化氛圍的形成就是由于職業(yè)教育的缺位造成的。技術、實用、功利以至經濟思想在我國及其匱乏，嚴重制約著社會發(fā)展。

2.職業(yè)教育對文化的傳承和傳播。文化的形成與該地區(qū)、民族、國家的文化傳統(tǒng)有著緊密的聯(lián)系，正如魯迅所分析的：“新的階級及其文化，并非突然從天而降，大抵是發(fā)達于對于舊支配者及其文化的反抗中，亦發(fā)達于和舊者的對立中，所以新文化仍然有所承傳，于舊文化也仍然有所擇取?！甭殬I(yè)教育在傳遞社會文化的過程中，形成了自身關于教育目的、價值、功能和內容選擇的基本認識，從而決定了職業(yè)教育的不同形態(tài)及其在不同地區(qū)或國家的不同發(fā)展。職業(yè)教育在傳承文化過程中也不是一成不變的簡單復制，它可以結合現實和社會需求使文化增殖并加以傳播，特別是職業(yè)教育對技術文化傳播和改造的作用是無法取代的。

3.職業(yè)教育對文化的適應和創(chuàng)新。職業(yè)教育對社會文化發(fā)展的適應，既是一種目標，也是一個過程，是發(fā)展過程中的動態(tài)適應。就目標意義的適應來說，它是社會文化發(fā)展所要求的，也是職業(yè)教育所力求達到的，并且在達到階段性的適應目標后又在新的基礎上產生不適應；就作為過程意義的適應來說，在某一歷史時期，職業(yè)教育往往表現出一定的“時間差”，即職業(yè)教育與社會文化的發(fā)展保持著一定的距離。教育的文化創(chuàng)造功能在社會文化的形成中發(fā)揮著重要作用，各類教育都具有一定的文化創(chuàng)造功能，特別是高等教育創(chuàng)造高層次深含義的科學文化的作用是無法被取代的。人類的生活離不開科學技術，但科學是根植于學術體系的，科學的發(fā)展是不能發(fā)展技術文化的；而技術是根植于工作體系的，技術的發(fā)展不僅能夠繁榮和促進社會文化的實用性，為生產力的提高和社會經濟的發(fā)展提供動力，而且能夠促進人的全面發(fā)展。因此，職業(yè)教育對社會文化的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新也是其他教育所不能代替的。

中國今天的文化同歷史上的文化傳統(tǒng)一脈相承，在人們的思維中仍然殘留有文化傳統(tǒng)中重倫理、輕自然的習慣，職業(yè)教育在社會中的地位還未受到應有的重視，社會民眾輕視甚至鄙視職業(yè)技術教育的心理還很普遍。所以中國職業(yè)教育發(fā)展需要經歷一個艱難的過程，因為其涉及深層的文化因素。

【參考文獻】

[1]張應強.文化視野中的高等教育[M].南京:南京師范大學出版社,1999.

[2]莊錫昌等.多維視野中的文化理論[M].浙江:浙江人民出版社,1987.

[3]尤偉,劉玉杰.論傳統(tǒng)文化與技術文化的沖突[J].職業(yè)教育研究,2008(1):22-23.