威廉·福克納獲諾貝爾文學獎受獎演說

時間:2022-03-14 09:57:00

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英語演講稿

威廉·??思{(WilliamFaulkner,1897-1962)美國作家,生于美國密西西比州新奧爾巴尼的一個莊園主家,南北戰(zhàn)爭后家道中落。

第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,??思{在空軍服過役。戰(zhàn)后入大學,其后從事過各種職業(yè)并開始寫作?!妒勘膱蟪辍罚?926)發(fā)表后,??思{被列入"迷惘的一代",但很快與他們分道揚鏢。《薩拉里斯》(1929)問世之后,??思{的創(chuàng)作進入高峰斯。他發(fā)現(xiàn)"家鄉(xiāng)那塊郵票般大小的地方倒也值得一寫,只怕一輩子也寫不完"。懷著這樣的信念,他把19篇長篇和70多篇短篇小說紡織在"約克納帕塌法世系"里,通過南方貴族世家的興衰,反映了美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭前夕到第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之間的社會現(xiàn)實,創(chuàng)傷了20世紀的"人間喜劇"。長篇小說《喧嘩與騷動》和《我彌留之際》(1930)、《圣殿》(1931)、《八月之光》(1932)、《押沙龍,押沙龍》(1936)等現(xiàn)代文公務員之家版權所有學的經(jīng)典之作。

??思{后期的主要作品有《村子》(1940)、《闖入者》(1948)、《寓言》(1954)、《小鎮(zhèn)》(1957)和《大宅》(1959)等。此外還有短篇小說、劇本和詩歌。

??思{雖是南方重要作家,但他的作品當時并不受重視,直到1946年美國著名的文學批評家馬爾科姆·考萊編選了《袖珍本??思{文集》,又寫了一篇有名的序言之后,??思{才在文壇上引起重視。特別是薩特、馬爾洛等人的賞識,使??思{名聲大噪。

在藝術上,福克納受弗洛伊德影響,大膽地大膽地進行實驗,采用意識流手法、對位結(jié)構(gòu)以及象征隱喻等手段表現(xiàn)暴力、兇殺、性變態(tài)心理等,他的作品風格千姿百態(tài)、撲朔迷離,讀者須下大功夫才能感受其特有的審美情趣。

1949年,"因為他對當代美國小說作出了強有力的和藝術上無與倫比的貢獻",福克納獲諾貝爾文學獎。

Ifeelthatthisawardwasnotmadetomeasaman,buttomywork--life''''sworkintheagonyandsweatofthehumanspirit,notforgloryandleastofallforprofit,buttocreateoutofthematerialsofthehumanspiritsomethingwhichdidnotexistbefore.Sothisawardisonlymineintrust.Itwillnotbedifficulttofindadedicationforthemoneypartofitcommensuratewiththepurposeandsignificanceofitsorigin.ButIwouldliketodothesamewiththeacclaimtoo,byusingthismomentasapinnaclefromwhichImightbelistenedtobytheyoungmenandwomenalreadydedicatedtothesameanguishandtravail,amongwhomisalreadythatonewhowillsomedaystandwhereIamstanding.

Ourtragedytodayisageneralanduniversalphysicalfearsolongsustainedbynowthatwecanevenbearit.Therearenolongerproblemsofthespirit.Thereisonlythequestion:WhenwillIbeblownup?Becauseofthis,theyoungmanorwomanwritingtodayhasforgottentheproblemsofthehumanheartinconflictwithitselfwhichalonecanmakegoodwritingbecauseonlythatisworthwritingabout,worththeagonyandthesweat.

Hemustlearnthemagain.Hemustteachhimselfthatthebasestofallthingsistobeafraid;and,teachinghimselfthat,forgetitforever,leavingnoroominhisworkshopforanythingbuttheoldveritiesandtruthsoftheheart,theuniversaltruthslackingwhichanystoryisephemeralanddoomed--loveandhonorandpityandprideandcompassionandsacrifice.Untilhedoesso,helaborsunderacurse.Hewritesnotoflovebutoflust,ofdefeatsinwhichnobodylosesanythingofvalue,ofvictorieswithouthopeand,worstofall,withoutpityorcompassion.Hisgriefsgrieveonnouniversalbones,leavingnoscars.Hewritesnotoftheheartbutoftheglands.

Untilhelearnsthesethings,hewillwriteasthoughhestoodamongandwatchedtheendofman.Ideclinetoaccepttheendofman.Itiseasyenoughtosaythatmanisimmortalsimplybecausehewillendure:thatwhenthelastding-dongofdoomhasclangedandfadedfromthelastworthlessrockhangingtidelessinthelastredanddyingevening,thateventhentherewillstillbeonemoresound:thatofhispunyinexhaustiblevoice,stilltalking.Irefusetoacceptthis.Ibelievethatmanwillnotmerelyendure:hewillprevail.Heisimmortal,notbecausehealoneamongcreatureshasaninexhaustiblevoice,butbecausehehasasoul,aspiritcapableofcompassionandsacrificeandendurance.

Thepoet’s,thewriter''''s,dutyistowriteaboutthesethings.Itishisprivilegetohelpmanendurebyliftinghisheart,byremindinghimofthecourageandhonorandhopeandprideandcompassionand公務員之家版權所有pityandsacrificewhichhavebeenthegloryofhispast.Thepoet''''svoiceneednotmerelybetherecordofman,itcanbeoneoftheprops,thepillarstohelphimendureandprevail.